Metabolite page

Showing information for HMDB0000710 ('4-hydroxybutyric acid', '4-hydroxybutyrate')

Metabolite information
HMDB ID	HMDB0000710
Synonyms	3-Carboxypropoxy acid 4-Hydroxy-butanoate 4-Hydroxy-butanoic acid 4-Hydroxy-butyrate 4-Hydroxy-butyric acid 4-Hydroxyalkanoate 4-Hydroxyalkanoic acid 4-Hydroxybutanoate 4-Hydroxybutanoic acid 4-Hydroxybutyrate 4-Hydroxybutyrate sodium 4-Hydroxybutyric acid monosodium salt 4-Hydroxycarboxylate 4-Hydroxycarboxylic acid GHB Gamma Hydroxybutyric acid Hydroxybutyric acid Oxy-N-butyrate Oxy-N-butyric acid Xyrem g Hydroxybutyrate g Hydroxybutyric acid g-Hydroxybutyrate g-Hydroxybutyric acid gamma Hydroxybutyrate gamma-Hydroxy butyrate gamma-Hydroxy sodium butyrate gamma-Hydroxybutyrate gamma-Hydroxybutyrate sodium gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid γ hydroxybutyrate γ hydroxybutyric acid γ-hydroxybutyrate γ-hydroxybutyric acid
Chemical formula	C4H8O3
IUPAC name	4-hydroxybutanoic acid
CAS registry number	591-81-1
Monoisotopic molecular weight	104.047344122
Chemical taxonomy
Super class	Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Class	Fatty Acyls
Sub class	Fatty acids and conjugates
Biological properties
Pathways (Pathway Details in HMDB)

The paper(s) that report HMDB0000710 as a lung cancer biomarker

The studies that identify HMDB0000710 as a lung cancer-related metabolite

Reference	Country	Specimen	Marker function	Participants (Case)						Participants (Control)
Reference	Country	Specimen	Marker function	Cancer type	Stage	Number	Gender (M,F)	Age mean (range) (M/F)	Smoking status	Type	Number	Gender (M,F)	Age mean (range) (M/F)	Smoking status
Wikoff et al. 2015b	US	tissue	diagnosis	adenocarcinoma	I	39	15, 24	72.33 ± 8.78	smoker, non-smoker	tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue	39	15, 24	72.33 ± 8.78	smoker, non-smoker
Hao et al. 2016	Canada	serum	diagnosis	lung cancer	I, II, III, IV	25	15, 10	64 (42–77)	smoker, non-smoker	before vs. after treatment (radiation treatment)	–	–	–	smoker, non-smoker
Moreno et al. 2018	Spain	tissue	therapy, diagnosis	squamous cell carcinoma	I, II, III	35	35, 0	68.71 ± 7.46	–	tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue	35	35, 0	68.71 ± 7.46	–
Moreno et al. 2018	Spain	tissue	therapy, diagnosis	adenocarcinoma	I, II, III	33	24, 9	62.11 ± 9.73	–	tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue	33	24, 9	62.11 ± 9.73	–
Zheng et al. 2021	China	Serum	diagnosis	lung cancer	I, II, III, IV	57	38, 19	Median: 62 (52-69)	smoker, non-smoker	healthy	59	48, 11	Median: 60 (59-62)	smoker, non-smoker

Reference	Chromatography	Ion source	Positive/Negative mode	Mass analyzer	Identification level
Wikoff et al. 2015b	GC	EI	–	TOF	–
Hao et al. 2016	–	–	–	NMR	–
Moreno et al. 2018	LC, GC	ESI, EI	both	LC: linear ion-trap, GC: single-quadrupole	LC: MS/MS
Moreno et al. 2018	LC, GC	ESI, EI	both	LC: linear ion-trap, GC: single-quadrupole	LC: MS/MS
Zheng et al. 2021	GC	EI	–	quadrupole	–

Reference	Data processing software	Database search
Wikoff et al. 2015b	BinBase	NIST11, BinBase
Hao et al. 2016	Chenomx NMR Suite 7.1, Metabolite Detector	–
Moreno et al. 2018	–	KEGG, HMDB
Moreno et al. 2018	–	KEGG, HMDB
Zheng et al. 2021	MassHunter Workstation software, Mass Profiler Professional software	NIST14, HMDB, Golm Metabolome Database

Differential analysis
Classification analysis

Reference	Difference method	Mean concentration (case)	Mean concentration (control)	Fold change (case/control)	P-value	FDR	VIP
Wikoff et al. 2015b	OPLS-DA	–	–	1.30	–	4.00e-03	–
Hao et al. 2016	OPLS-DA, CV-ANOVA	–	–	–	–	–	>1
Moreno et al. 2018	paired two-sample t-test, PLS-DA	–	–	1.63	8.97e-05	1.64e-04	–
Moreno et al. 2018	paired two-sample t-test, PLS-DA	–	–	1.61	5.85e-05	2.16e-04	–
Zheng et al. 2021	Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA	–	–	0.89	2.02e-22	1.21e-21	1.23

Reference	Classification method	Cutoff value	AUROC 95%CI	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	Accuracy (%)
Wikoff et al. 2015b	–	–	–	–	–	–
Hao et al. 2016	–	–	–	–	–	–
Moreno et al. 2018	–	–	–	–	–	–
Moreno et al. 2018	–	–	–	–	–	–
Zheng et al. 2021	ROC analysis	–	0.993 (Combination of cholesterol, oleic acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, myo-inositol, and 2-hydroxybutyric acid)	–	–	–